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Heavy metals are common pollutants of the coastal saline area and  Salicornia brachiata  an extreme halophyte is frequently exposed to various abiotic stresses including heavy metals. The  SbMT-2  gene was cloned and transformed to tobacco for the functional validation. Transgenic tobacco lines (L2, L4, L6 and L13) showed significantly enhanced salt (NaCl), osmotic (PEG) and metals (Zn ++ , Cu ++  and Cd ++ ) tolerance compared to WT plants. Transgenic lines did not show any morphological variation and had enhanced growth parameters viz. shoot length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight. High seed germination percentage, chlorophyll content, relative water content, electrolytic leakage and membrane stability index confirmed that transgenic lines performed better under salt (NaCl), osmotic (PEG) and metals (Zn ++ , Cu ++  and Cd ++ ) stress conditions compared to WT plants. Proline, H 2 O 2  and lipid peroxidation (MDA) analyses suggested the role of  Sb MT-2 in cellular homeostasis and H 2 O 2  detoxification. Furthermore  in vivo  localization of H 2 O 2  and O 2   − ; and elevated expression of key antioxidant enzyme encoding genes,  SOD ,  POD  and  APX  evident the possible role of  SbMT-2  in ROS scavenging/detoxification mechanism. Transgenic lines showed accumulation of Cu ++  and Cd ++  in root while Zn ++  in stem under stress condition. Under control (unstressed) condition, Zn ++  was accumulated more in root but accumulation of Zn ++  in stem under stress condition suggested that  Sb MT-2 may involve in the selective translocation of Zn ++  from root to stem. This observation was further supported by the up-regulation of zinc transporter encoding genes  NtZIP1  and  NtHMA-A  under metal ion stress condition. The study suggested that  SbMT-2  modulates ROS scavenging and is a potential candidate to be used for phytoremediation and imparting stress tolerance.

The SbMT-2 Gene from a Halophyte Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Modulates ROS Scavenging in Transgenic Tobacco