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Background  Anaemia reduces cognitive potential in school children, retards their growth and predisposes them to other diseases. As there is a paucity of data on the current burden of  P. falciparum ,  S. mansoni  and soil transmitted helminths (STH) infections and their correlation with schoolchildren’s anemia in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we collect these data.    Methods  This study reports baseline data collected from a randomized controlled trial investigating the impact of IPT with SP and SP-PQ on anemia and malaria morbidity in Congolese schoolchildren (Trial registration: NCT01722539; PACTR201211000449323).  S. mansoni  and STH infections were assessed using kato-katz technique. Malaria infection and hemoglobin concentration were assessed using Blood smear and Hemocontrol device, respectively.    Results  A total of 616 primary schoolchildren from 4 to 13 years old were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of  Plasmodium spp.  infection was 18.5% (95%CI:15.6–21.9). Amongst those infected, 24 (21%), 40 (35.1%), 40 (35.1%), 10 (8.8%), had light, moderate, heavy, very high malaria parasite density, respectively. Above 9 years of age (p = 0.02), male and history of fever (p = 0.04) were both associated with malaria infection. The overall prevalence of  S. mansoni  infection was 6.4% (95%CI:4.4–9.1). Girls were associated with  S. mansoni  infection (p = 0.04).  T. trichiura  was the most prevalent STH infection (26.3%), followed by  A. lumbricoides  (20.1%). Co-infection with malaria- S. mansoni  and malaria-STH was, respectively, 1.5% (CI 95% :0.7–3.3) and 6.4% (CI 95%  4.4–9.1). The prevalence of anemia was found to be 41.6% (95%CI:37.7–45.6) and anemia was strongly related with  Plasmodium ssp  infection (aOR:4.1; CI95%:2.6–6.5;p<0.001) and  S. mansoni  infection (aOR:3.3;CI95%:1.4–7.8;p<0.01).    Conclusion  Malaria and  S. mansoni  infection were strongly associated with high prevalence of anemia in schoolchildren. Therefore, specific school-based interventions, such as intermittent preventive treatment or prophylaxis, LLITN distribution, anthelminthic mass treatment and micronutrient supplementation are needed to improve school children’s health.

plos one

Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Soil Transmitted Helminth Burden and Their Correlation with Anemia in Children Attending Primary Schools in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo