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Retinal regeneration in the adult newt is a useful system to uncover essential mechanisms underlying the regeneration of body parts of this animal as well as to find clues to treat retinal disorders such as  proliferative vitreoretinopathy . Here, to facilitate the study of early processes of retinal regeneration, we provide a  de novo  assembly transcriptome and inferred proteome of the Japanese fire bellied newt ( Cynops pyrrhogaster ), which was obtained from eyeball samples of day 0–14 after surgical removal of the lens and neural retina. This transcriptome (237,120  in silico  transcripts) contains most information of cDNAs/ESTs which has been reported in newts ( C. pyrrhogaster ,  Pleurodeles waltl  and  Notophthalmus viridescence ) thus far. On the other hand,  de novo  assembly transcriptomes reported lately for  N. viridescence  only covered 16–31% of this transcriptome, suggesting that most constituents of this transcriptome are specific to the regenerating eye tissues of  C. pyrrhogaster . A total of 87,102  in silico  transcripts of this transcriptome were functionally annotated. Coding sequence prediction in combination with functional annotation revealed that 76,968  in silico  transcripts encode protein/peptides recorded in public databases so far, whereas 17,316 might be unique. qPCR and Sanger sequencing demonstrated that this transcriptome contains much information pertaining to genes that are regulated in association with cell reprogramming, cell-cycle re-entry/proliferation, and tissue patterning in an early phase of retinal regeneration. This data also provides important insight for further investigations addressing cellular mechanisms and molecular networks underlying retinal regeneration as well as differences between retinal regeneration and disorders. This transcriptome can be applied to ensuing comprehensive gene screening steps, providing candidate genes, regardless of whether annotated or unique, to uncover essential mechanisms underlying early processes of retinal regeneration.

A Transcriptome for the Study of Early Processes of Retinal Regeneration in the Adult Newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster