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Background  There is evidence that chronic inflammation is associated with the progression/development of chronic renal failure; however, relations in subjects with preserved renal function remain insufficiently understood.    Objective  To examine the association of inflammation with the development of renal failure in a cohort of the elderly general population.    Methods  After excluding subjects with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) and missing data, the cohort incorporated 785 men and 659 women (aged 45–83 years). Follow-up was performed four years after baseline. Covariate adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of plasma/serum concentrations of soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) with change in eGFR/creatinine. The areas under the curve (AUCs) from receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) were estimated.    Results  In adjusted models sTNF-R1 was distinctively associated with a decline in eGFR in men (0.6 mL/min/1.73 m 2  per 100 pg/mL sTNF-R1; 95% CI: 0.4–0.8), but not in women. A similar association could not be found for CRP or IL-6. Estimates of sTNF-R1 in the cross-sectional analyses were similar between sexes, while CRP and IL-6 were not relevantly associated with eGFR/creatinine.    Conclusion  In the elderly male general population with preserved renal function sTNF-R1 predicts the development of renal failure.

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Inflammation and Renal Function after a Four-Year Follow-Up in Subjects with Unimpaired Glomerular Filtration Rate: Results from the Observational, Population-Based CARLA Cohort