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Endophytic fungi, which live within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of infection, are important mutualists that mediate plant–herbivore interactions.  Thrips tabaci  (Lindeman) is one of the key pests of onion,  Allium cepa  L., an economically important agricultural crop cultivated worldwide. However, information on endophyte colonization of onions, and their impacts on the biology of thrips feeding on them, is lacking. We tested the colonization of onion plants by selected fungal endophyte isolates using two inoculation methods. The effects of inoculated endophytes on  T. tabaci  infesting onion were also examined. Seven fungal endophytes used in our study were able to colonize onion plants either by the seed or seedling inoculation methods. Seed inoculation resulted in 1.47 times higher mean percentage post-inoculation recovery of all the endophytes tested as compared to seedling inoculation. Fewer thrips were observed on plants inoculated with  Clonostachys rosea  ICIPE 707,  Trichoderma asperellum  M2RT4,  Trichoderma atroviride  ICIPE 710,  Trichoderma harzianum  709,  Hypocrea lixii  F3ST1 and  Fusarium  sp. ICIPE 712 isolates as compared to those inoculated with  Fusarium  sp. ICIPE 717 and the control treatments. Onion plants colonized by  C. rosea  ICIPE 707,  T. asperellum  M2RT4,  T. atroviride  ICIPE 710 and  H. lixii  F3ST1 had significantly lower feeding punctures as compared to the other treatments. Among the isolates tested, the lowest numbers of eggs were laid by  T. tabaci  on  H. lixii  F3ST1 and  C. rosea  ICIPE 707 inoculated plants. These results extend the knowledge on colonization of onions by fungal endophytes and their effects on  Thrips tabaci .

Colonization of Onions by Endophytic Fungi and Their Impacts on the Biology of Thrips tabaci