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Bacterial autotrophy contributes significantly to the overall carbon balance, which stabilises atmospheric CO 2  concentration and decelerates global warming. Little attention has been paid to different modes of carbon/sulphur metabolism mediated by autotrophic bacterial communities in terrestrial soil ecosystems. We studied these pathways by analysing the distribution and abundance of the diagnostic metabolic marker genes  cbbM ,  apsA  and  soxB , which encode for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, adenosine phosphosulphate reductase and sulphate thiohydrolase, respectively, among different contrasting soil types. Additionally, the abundance of community members was assessed by quantifying the gene copy numbers for 16S rRNA,  cbbL ,  cbbM ,  apsA  and  soxB . Distinct compositional differences were observed among the clone libraries, which revealed a dominance of phylotypes associated with carbon and sulphur cycling, such as  Gammaproteobacteria  ( Thiohalomonas ,  Allochromatium, Chromatium, Thiomicrospira ) and  Alphaproteobacteria  ( Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodovulum, Paracoccus ). The rhizosphere soil was devoid of sulphur metabolism, as the  soxB  and  apsA  genes were not observed in the rhizosphere metagenome, which suggests the absence or inadequate representation of sulphur-oxidising bacteria. We hypothesise that the novel  Gammaproteobacteria  sulphur oxidisers might be actively involved in sulphur oxidation and inorganic carbon fixation, particularly in barren saline soil ecosystems, suggesting their significant putative ecological role and contribution to the soil carbon pool.

plos one

Unravelling the Carbon and Sulphur Metabolism in Coastal Soil Ecosystems Using Comparative Cultivation-Independent Genome-Level Characterisation of Microbial Communities