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Improved drought tolerance is always a highly desired trait for agricultural plants. Significantly increased drought tolerance in  Arabidopsis thaliana  (Columbia-0) has been achieved in our work through the suppression of  ESKMO1 (ESK1)  gene expression with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression of  CBF  genes with constitutive gene expression.  ESK1  has been identified as a gene linked to normal development of the plant vascular system, which is assumed directly related to plant drought response. By using siRNA that specifically targets  ESK1 , the gene expression has been reduced and drought tolerance of the plant has been enhanced dramatically in the work. However, the plant response to external abscisic acid application has not been changed.  ICE1 ,  CBF1 , and  CBF3  are genes involved in a well-characterized plant stress response pathway, overexpression of them in the plant has demonstrated capable to increase drought tolerance. By overexpression of these genes combining together with suppression of  ESK1  gene, the significant increase of plant drought tolerance has been achieved in comparison to single gene manipulation, although the effect is not in an additive way. Accompanying the increase of drought tolerance via suppression of  ESK1  gene expression, the negative effect has been observed in seeds yield of transgenic plants in normal watering conditions comparing with wide type plant.

Increased Drought Tolerance through the Suppression of ESKMO1 Gene and Overexpression of CBF-Related Genes in Arabidopsis