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The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) is an invasive insect species that transmits  Xylella fastidiosa , the bacterium causing Pierce's disease of grapevine and other leaf scorch diseases.  X. fastidiosa  has been shown to colonize the anterior foregut (cibarium and precibarium) of sharpshooters, where it may interact with other naturally-occurring bacterial species. To evaluate such interactions, a comprehensive list of bacterial species associated with the sharpshooter cibarium and precibarium is needed. Here, a survey of microbiota associated with the GWSS anterior foregut was conducted. Ninety-six individual GWSS, 24 from each of 4 locations (Bakersfield, CA; Ojai, CA; Quincy, FL; and a laboratory colony), were characterized for bacteria in dissected sharpshooter cibaria and precibaria by amplification and sequencing of a portion of the 16S rRNA gene using Illumina MiSeq technology. An average of approximately 150,000 sequence reads were obtained per insect. The most common genus detected was  Wolbachia ; sequencing of the  Wolbachia ftsZ  gene placed this strain in supergroup B, one of two  Wolbachia  supergroups most commonly associated with arthropods.  X. fastidiosa  was detected in all 96 individuals examined. By multilocus sequence typing, both  X. fastidiosa  subspecies  fastidiosa  and subspecies  sandyi  were present in GWSS from California and the colony; only subspecies  fastidiosa  was detected in GWSS from Florida. In addition to  Wolbachia  and  X. fastidiosa , 23 other bacterial genera were detected at or above an average incidence of 0.1%; these included plant-associated microbes ( Methylobacterium ,  Sphingomonas ,  Agrobacterium , and  Ralstonia ) and soil- or water-associated microbes ( Anoxybacillus ,  Novosphingobium ,  Caulobacter , and  Luteimonas ). Sequences belonging to species of the family Enterobacteriaceae also were detected but it was not possible to assign these to individual genera. Many of these species likely interact with  X. fastidiosa  in the cibarium and precibarium.

Anterior Foregut Microbiota of the Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Explored Using Deep 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing from Individual Insects