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The mainly fresh water arboviral vector  Aedes aegypti  L. (Diptera: Culicidae) can also undergo pre-imaginal development in brackish water of up to 15 ppt (parts per thousand) salt in coastal areas. We investigated differences in salinity tolerance, egg laying preference, egg hatching and larval development times and resistance to common insecticides in  Ae. aegypti  collected from brackish and fresh water habitats in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. Brackish water-derived  Ae. aegypti  were more tolerant of salinity than fresh water-derived  Ae. aegypti  and this difference was only partly reduced after their transfer to fresh water for up to five generations. Brackish water-derived  Ae. aegypti  did not significantly discriminate between 10 ppt salt brackish water and fresh water for oviposition, while fresh water-derived  Ae. aegypti  preferred fresh water. The hatching of eggs from both brackish and fresh water-derived  Ae. aegypti  was less efficient and the time taken for larvae to develop into pupae was prolonged in 10 ppt salt brackish water.  Ae. aegypti  isolated from coastal brackish water were less resistant to the organophosphate insecticide malathion than inland fresh water  Ae. aegypti . Brackish and fresh water-derived  Ae. aegypti  however were able to mate and produce viable offspring in the laboratory. The results suggest that development in brackish water is characterised by pertinent biological changes, and that there is restricted genetic exchange between coastal brackish and inland fresh water  Ae. aegypti  isolates from sites 5 km apart. The findings highlight the need for monitoring  Ae. aegypti  developing in coastal brackish waters and extending vector control measures to their habitats.

plos one

Biological Differences between Brackish and Fresh Water-Derived Aedes aegypti from Two Locations in the Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka and the Implications for Arboviral Disease Transmission