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Background  The genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) have been suspected to be related to the development of lung cancer while the current results are conflicting, especially in the Chinese population.    Methods  Data on genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 ( GSTM1 ) from 68 studies, glutathione S-transferase theta 1 ( GSTT1 ) from 17 studies and  GSTM1-GSTT1  from 8 studies in the Chinese population were reanalyzed on their association with lung cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled using forest plots. 9 subgroups were all or partly performed in the subgroup analyses. The Galbraith plot was used to identify the heterogeneous records. Potential publication biases were detected by Begg's and Egger's tests.    Results  71 eligible studies were identified after screening of 1608 articles. The increased association between two vital GSTs genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer risk was detected by random-effects model based on a comparable heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed a significant relationship between squamous carcinoma (SC), adenocarcinoma (AC) or small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and  GSTM1  null genotype, as well as SC or AC and  GSTT1  null genotype. Additionally, smokers with  GSTM1  null genotype had a higher lung cancer risk than non-smokers. Our cumulative meta-analysis demonstrated a stable and reliable result of the relationship between  GSTM1  null genotype and lung cancer risk. After the possible heterogeneous articles were omitted, the adjusted risk of GSTs and lung cancer susceptibility increased (fixed-effects model: OR GSTM1  = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.19 to 1.27, P<0.001; OR GSTT1  = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.26, P<0.001; OR GSTM1-GSTT1  = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.61, P = 0.004).    Conclusions  An increased risk of lung cancer with  GSTM1  and  GSTT1  null genotype, especially with dual null genotype, was found in the Chinese population. In addition, special histopathological classification of lung cancers and a wide range of gene-environment and gene-gene interaction analysis should be taken into consideration in future studies.

The Associations between Two Vital GSTs Genetic Polymorphisms and Lung Cancer Risk in the Chinese Population: Evidence from 71 Studies