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The involvement of PISTILLATA (PI) and APETALA (AP) transcription factors in the development of floral organs has previously been elucidated but little is known about their upstream regulation. In this investigation, two novel mutants generated in  Papaver somniferum  were analyzed - one with partially petaloid sepals and another having sepaloid petals. Progeny from reciprocal crosses of respective mutant parent genotypes showed a good fit to the monogenic Mendelian inheritance model, indicating that the mutant traits are likely controlled by the single, recessive nuclear genes named “ Pps-1 ” and “ OM ” in the partially petaloid sepal and sepaloid petal phenotypes, respectively. Both paralogs of  PISTILLATA  ( PapsPI-1  and  PapsPI-3 ) were obtained from the sepals and petals of  P. somniferum . Ectopic expression of  PapsPI-1  in tobacco resulted in a partially petaloid sepal phenotype at a low frequency. Upregulation of  PapsPI-1  and  PapsAP3-1  in the petal and the petal part of partially petaloid sepal mutant and down-regulation of the same in sepaloid petal mutant indicates a differential pattern of regulation for flowering-related genes in various whorls. Similarly, it was found that the recessive mutation  OM  in sepaloid petal mutant downregulates  PapsPI-1  and  PapsAP3-1  transcripts. The recessive nature of the mutations was confirmed by the segregation ratios obtained in this analysis.

Recessive Loci Pps-1 and OM Differentially Regulate PISTILLATA-1 and APETALA3-1 Expression for Sepal and Petal Development in Papaver somniferum