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Heat stress is a detrimental abiotic stress limiting the growth of many plant species and is associated with various cellular and physiological damages. Expansins are a family of proteins which are known to play roles in regulating cell wall elongation and expansion, as well as other growth and developmental processes. The  in vitro  roles of expansins regulating plant heat tolerance are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to isolate and clone an expansin gene in a perennial grass species ( Poa pratensis ) and to determine whether over-expression of expansin may improve plant heat tolerance. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) was used as the model plant for gene transformation and an expansin gene  PpEXP1  from  Poa pratensis  was cloned. Sequence analysis showed  PpEXP1  belonged to α-expansins and was closely related to two expansin genes in other perennial grass species ( Festuca pratensis  and  Agrostis stolonifera ) as well as  Triticum aestivum ,  Oryza sativa , and  Brachypodium distachyon . Transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing  PpEXP1  were generated through  Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Under heat stress (42°C) in growth chambers, transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing the  PpEXP1  gene exhibited a less structural damage to cells, lower electrolyte leakage, lower levels of membrane lipid peroxidation, and lower content of hydrogen peroxide, as well as higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, relative water content, activity of antioxidant enzyme, and seed germination rates, compared to the wild-type plants. These results demonstrated the positive roles of  PpEXP1  in enhancing plant tolerance to heat stress and the possibility of using expansins for genetic modification of cool-season perennial grasses in the development of heat-tolerant germplasm and cultivars.

Transgenic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing a Grass PpEXP1 Gene Exhibit Enhanced Tolerance to Heat Stress