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In order to investigate the effects of temperature on the abundances and community compositions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), lake microcosms were constructed and incubated at 15°C, 25°C and 35°C for 40 days, respectively. Temperature exhibited different effects on the abundance and diversity of archaeal and bacterial  amoA  gene. The elevated temperature increased the abundance of archaeal  amoA  gene, whereas the abundance of bacterial  amoA  gene decreased. The highest diversity of bacterial  amoA  gene was found in the 25°C treatment sample. However, the 25°C treatment sample maintained the lowest diversity of archaeal  amoA  gene. Most of the archaeal  amoA  sequences obtained in this study affiliated with the  Nitrosopumilus  cluster. Two sequences obtained from the 15°C treatment samples were affiliated with the  Nitrosotalea  cluster.  N. oligotropha  lineage was the most dominant bacterial  amoA  gene group. Several sequences affiliated to  Nitrosospira  and undefined  N. europaea/NC. mobilis  like lineage were found in the pre-incubation and 25°C treatment groups.

Temperature Responses of Ammonia-Oxidizing Prokaryotes in Freshwater Sediment Microcosms