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The AP2/ERF superfamily encodes transcription factors that play a key role in plant development and responses to abiotic and biotic stress. In  Hevea brasiliensis ,  ERF  genes have been identified by RNA sequencing. This study set out to validate the number of  HbERF  genes, and identify ERF genes involved in the regulation of latex cell metabolism. A comprehensive  Hevea  transcriptome was improved using additional RNA reads from reproductive tissues. Newly assembled contigs were annotated in the Gene Ontology database and were assigned to 3 main categories. The AP2/ERF superfamily is the third most represented compared with other transcription factor families. A comparison with genomic scaffolds led to an estimation of 114  AP2/ERF  genes and 1 soloist in  Hevea brasiliensis . Based on a phylogenetic analysis, functions were predicted for 26  HbERF  genes. A relative transcript abundance analysis was performed by real-time RT-PCR in various tissues. Transcripts of ERFs from group I and VIII were very abundant in all tissues while those of group VII were highly accumulated in latex cells. Seven of the thirty-five ERF expression marker genes were highly expressed in latex. Subcellular localization and transactivation analyses suggested that  HbERF-VII  candidate genes encoded functional transcription factors.

Sequence and Expression Analyses of Ethylene Response Factors Highly Expressed in Latex Cells from Hevea brasiliensis