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An ORF named  CPAR2-208980  on contig 005809 was identified by screening a  Candida parapsilosis  genome data base. Its 67% identity with the acid trehalase sequence from  C. albicans  ( ATC1 ) led us to designate it  CpATC1 . Homozygous mutants that lack acid trehalase activity were constructed by gene disruption at the two  CpATC1  chromosomal alleles. Phenotypic characterization showed that  atc1Δ  null cells were unable to grow on exogenous trehalose as carbon source, and also displayed higher resistance to environmental challenges, such as saline exposure (1.2 M NaCl), heat shock (42°C) and both mild and severe oxidative stress (5 and 50 mM H 2 O 2 ). Significant amounts of intracellular trehalose were specifically stored in response to the thermal upshift in both wild type and mutant strains. Analysis of their antioxidant activities revealed that catalase was only triggered in response to heat shock in  atc1Δ  cells, whereas glutathione reductase was activated upon mild oxidative stress in wild type and reintegrant strains, and in response to the whole set of stress treatments in the homozygous mutant. Furthermore, yeast cells with double  CpATC1  deletion were significantly attenuated in non-mammalian infection models, suggesting that  CpATC1  is required for the pathobiology of the fungus. Our results demonstrate the involvement of  Cp Atc1 protein in the physiological hydrolysis of external trehalose in  C. parapsilosis , where it also plays a major role in stress resistance and virulence.

In Candida parapsilosis the ATC1 Gene Encodes for an Acid Trehalase Involved in Trehalose Hydrolysis, Stress Resistance and Virulence