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Polybutene-1 (PB-1), a typical semicrystalline polymer, in its stable form Ishows a peculiar temperature dependent strain-whitening behavior when beingstretched at different temperatures where the extent of strain-whiteningweakens with the increasing of stretching temperature reaching a minima valuefollowed by an increase at higher stretching temperatures. Correspondingly, astronger strain-hardening phenomenon was observed at higher stretchingtemperatures. The strain-whitening phenomenon in semicrystalline polymers hasits origin of cavitation process during stretching. In this work, the effect ofcrystalline lamellar thickness and stretching temperature on the cavitationprocess in PB-1 has been investigated by means of combined synchrotronultrasmall-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering techniques. It was found that,with respect to the cavitation process, three modes of cavitation during thestretching process can be identified, namely no cavitation for sample with thethinnest lamellae where only shear yielding occurred, cavitation withreorientation for the samples stretched at lower temperatures and samples withthicker lamellae, and cavitation without reorientation for samples with thinnerlamellae stretched at higher temperatures. The mode cavitation withreorientation occurs before yield point where the plate-like cavities start tobe generated within the lamellar stacks with normal perpendicular to thestretching direction due to the blocky substructure of the crystalline lamellaeand reorient gradually to the stretching direction after strain-hardening. Themode of cavitation without reorientation appears after yield point whereellipsoidal shaped cavities are generated in those lamellae stacks with normalparallel to the stretching direction followed by an improvement of theirorientation at larger strains.

Lamellar thickness and stretching temperature dependency of cavitation in semicrystalline polymers