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Background  We aimed to assess medical students' empathy and its associations with gender, stage of medical school, quality of life and burnout.    Method  A cross-sectional, multi-centric (22 medical schools) study that employed online, validated, self-reported questionnaires on empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index), quality of life (The World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment) and burnout (the Maslach Burnout Inventory) in a random sample of medical students.    Results  Out of a total of 1,650 randomly selected students, 1,350 (81.8%) completed all of the questionnaires. Female students exhibited higher dispositional empathic concern and experienced more personal distress than their male counterparts (p<0.05;  d ≥0.5). There were minor differences in the empathic dispositions of students in different stages of their medical training (p<0.05;  f <0.25). Female students had slightly lower scores for  physical  and  psychological  quality of life than male students (p<0.05;  d <0.5). Female students scored higher on  emotional exhaustion  and lower on  depersonalization  than male students (p<0.001;  d <0.5). Students in their final stage of medical school had slightly higher scores for  emotional exhaustion ,  depersonalization  and  personal accomplishment  (p<0.05;  f <0.25). Gender (β = 0.27; p<0.001) and  perspective taking  (β = 0.30; p<0.001) were significant predictors of  empathic concern  scores.  Depersonalization  was associated with lower  empathic concern  (β = −0.18) and  perspective taking  (β = −0.14) (p<0.001).  Personal accomplishment  was associated with higher  perspective taking  (β = 0.21; p<0.001) and lower  personal distress  (β = −0.26; p<0.001) scores.    Conclusions  Female students had higher empathic concern and personal distress dispositions. The differences in the empathy scores of students in different stages of medical school were small. Among all of the studied variables,  personal accomplishment  held the most important association with decreasing  personal distress  and was also a predicting variable for  perspective taking .

Empathy among Medical Students: Is There a Relation with Quality of Life and Burnout?