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To evaluate the potential effects of melatonin on the kinetics of embryo development and quality of blastocyst during the process of  in vitro  bovine embryo culture. Bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were fertilized after  in vitro  maturation. The presumed zygotes were cultured in  in vitro  culture medium supplemented with or without 10 −7  M melatonin. The cleavage rate, 8-cell rate and blastocyst rate were examined to identify the kinetics of embryo development. The hatched blastocyst rate, mortality rate after thawing and the relevant transcript abundance were measured to evaluate the quality of blastocyst. The results showed that melatonin significantly promoted the cleavage rate and 8-cell embryo yield of  in vitro  produced bovine embryo. In addition, significantly more blastocysts were observed by Day 7 of embryo culture at the presence of melatonin. These results indicated that melatonin accelerated the development of  in vitro  produced bovine embryos. Following vitrification at Day 7 of embryo culture, melatonin (10 −7  M) significantly increased the hatched blastocyst rate from 24 h to 72 h and decreased the mortality rate from 48 h to 72 h after thawing. The presence of melatonin during the embryo culture resulted in a significant increase in the gene expressions of  DNMT3A ,  OCC ,  CDH1  and decrease in that of  AQP3  after thawing. In conclusion, melatonin not only promoted blastocyst yield and accelerated  in vitro  bovine embryo development, but also improved the quality of blastocysts which was indexed by an elevated cryotolerance and the up-regulated expressions of developmentally important genes.

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Melatonin Improves the Quality of In Vitro Produced (IVP) Bovine Embryos: Implications for Blastocyst Development, Cryotolerance, and Modifications of Relevant Gene Expression