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Few diazotrophs have been found to belong to the family  Cytophagaceae  so far. In the present study, a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that forms red colonies, was isolated from sands of the Takalamakan desert. It was designated H4X T . Phylogenetic and biochemical analysis indicated that the isolate is a new species of the genus  Pontibacter . The 16S rRNA gene of H4X T  displays 94.2–96.8% sequence similarities to those of other strains in  Pontibacter . The major respiratory quinone is menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The DNA G+C content is 46.6 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C 15∶0 , C 16∶1 ω5c, summed feature 3 (containing C 16∶1 ω6c and/or C 16∶1 ω7c) and summed feature 4 (comprising anteiso-C 17∶1 B and/or iso-C 17∶1 I). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), one aminophospholipid (APL) and some unknown phospholipids (PLs). It is interesting to see that this bacterium can grow very well in a nitrogen-free medium. PCR amplification suggested that the bacterium possesses at least one type of nitrogenase gene. Acetylene reduction assay showed that H4X T  actually possesses nitrogen-fixing activity. Therefore, it can be concluded that H4X T  is a new diazotroph. We thus referred it to as  Pontibacter diazotrophicus  sp. nov. The type strain is H4X T  ( = CCTCC AB 2013049 T  = NRRL B-59974 T ).

Pontibacter diazotrophicus sp. nov., a Novel Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium of the Family Cytophagaceae