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Background  An increase in the frequency of circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), the only subset of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) truly belonging to the endothelial phenotype, occurs in patients affected by primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Herein, they might contribute to the enhanced neovascularisation of fibrotic bone marrow and spleen. Store-operated Ca 2+  entry (SOCE) activated by the depletion of the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP 3 )-sensitive Ca 2+  store drives proliferation in ECFCs isolated from both healthy donors (N-ECFCs) and subjects suffering from renal cellular carcinoma (RCC-ECFCs). SOCE is up-regulated in RCC-ECFCs due to the over-expression of its underlying molecular components, namely Stim1, Orai1, and TRPC1.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We utilized Ca 2+  imaging, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and functional assays to evaluate molecular structure and the functional role of SOCE in ECFCs derived from PMF patients (PMF-ECFCs). SOCE, induced by either pharmacological (i.e. cyclopiazonic acid or CPA) or physiological (i.e. ATP) stimulation, was significantly higher in PMF-ECFCs. ATP-induced SOCE was inhibited upon blockade of the phospholipase C/InsP 3  signalling pathway with U73111 and 2-APB. The higher amplitude of SOCE was associated to the over-expression of the transcripts encoding for Stim2, Orai2–3, and TRPC1. Conversely, immunoblotting revealed that Stim2 levels remained constant as compared to N-ECFCs, while Stim1, Orai1, Orai3, TRPC1 and TRPC4 proteins were over-expressed in PMF-ECFCs. ATP-induced SOCE was inhibited by BTP-2 and low micromolar La 3+  and Gd 3+ , while CPA-elicited SOCE was insensitive to Gd 3+ . Finally, BTP-2 and La 3+  weakly blocked PMF-ECFC proliferation, while Gd 3+  was ineffective.    Conclusions  Two distinct signalling pathways mediate SOCE in PMF-ECFCs; one is activated by passive store depletion and is Gd 3+ -resistant, while the other one is regulated by the InsP 3 -sensitive Ca 2+  pool and is inhibited by Gd 3+ . Unlike N- and RCC-ECFCs, the InsP 3 -dependent SOCE does not drive PMF-ECFC proliferation.

Enhanced Expression of Stim, Orai, and TRPC Transcripts and Proteins in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Isolated from Patients with Primary Myelofibrosis