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Background  The perturbation of the steady state of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to biotic and abiotic stresses in a plant could lead to protein denaturation through the modification of amino acid residues, including the oxidation of methionine residues. Methionine sulfoxide reductases (MSRs) catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to the methionine residue. To assess the role of this enzyme, we generated transgenic rice using a pepper  CaMSRB2  gene under the control of the rice  Rab21  (responsive to ABA protein 21) promoter with/without a selection marker, the bar gene.    Results  A drought resistance test on transgenic plants showed that  CaMSRB2  confers drought tolerance to rice, as evidenced by less oxidative stress symptoms and a strengthened PSII quantum yield under stress conditions, and increased survival rate and chlorophyll index after the re-watering. The results from immunoblotting using a methionine sulfoxide antibody and nano-LC-MS/MS spectrometry suggest that porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD), which is involved in chlorophyll synthesis, is a putative target of  CaMSRB2 . The oxidized methionine content of PBGD expressed in  E. coli  increased in the presence of H 2 O 2 , and the Met-95 and Met-227 residues of PBGD were reduced by  CaMSRB2  in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT). An expression profiling analysis of the overexpression lines also suggested that photosystems are less severely affected by drought stress.    Conclusions  Our results indicate that  CaMSRB2  might play an important functional role in chloroplasts for conferring drought stress tolerance in rice.

A Pepper MSRB2 Gene Confers Drought Tolerance in Rice through the Protection of Chloroplast-Targeted Genes