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Reliable animal models are invaluable for monitoring the extent of pollution in the aquatic environment. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of  huORFZ , a novel transgenic zebrafish line that harbors a human upstream open reading frame of the  chop  gene fused with GFP reporter, as an animal model for monitoring environmental pollutants and stress-related cellular processes. When  huORFZ  embryos were kept under normal condition, no leaked GFP signal could be detected. When treated with hazardous chemicals, including heavy metals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals near their sublethal concentrations (LC50),  huORFZ  embryos exhibited different tissue-specific GFP expression patterns. For further analysis, copper (Cu 2+ ), cadmium (Cd 2+ ) and Chlorpyrifos were applied. Cu 2+  triggered GFP responses in skin and muscle, whereas Cd 2+  treatment triggered GFP responses in skin, olfactory epithelium and pronephric ducts. Moreover, fluorescence intensity, as exhibited by  huORFZ  embryos, was dose-dependent. After surviving treated embryos were returned to normal condition, survival rates, as well as TUNEL signals, returned to pretreatment levels with no significant morphological defects observed. Such results indicated the reversibility of treatment conditions used in this study, as long as embryos survived such conditions. Notably, GFP signals decreased along with recovery, suggesting that GFP signaling of  huORFZ  embryos likely reflected the overall physiological condition of the individual. To examine the performance of the  huORFZ  line under real-world conditions, we placed  huORFZ  embryos in different river water samples. We found that the  huORFZ  embryos correctly detected the presence of various kinds of pollutants. Based on these findings, we concluded that such uORF  chop  -based system can be integrated into a first-line water alarm system monitoring the discharge of hazardous pollutants.

Zebrafish Transgenic Line huORFZ Is an Effective Living Bioindicator for Detecting Environmental Toxicants