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Genetic modification, or transgenesis, is a powerful technique to investigate the molecular interactions between vector-borne pathogens and their arthropod hosts, as well as a potential novel approach for vector-borne disease control. Transgenesis requires the use of specific regulatory regions, or promoters, to drive expression of genes of interest in desired target tissues. In mosquitoes, the vast majority of described promoters are from  Anopheles  and  Aedes  mosquitoes.    Results    Culex tarsalis  is one of the most important vectors of arboviruses (including West Nile virus) in North America, yet it has not been the subject of molecular genetic study. In order to facilitate molecular genetic work in this important vector species, we isolated four fat body-specific promoter sequences located upstream of the  Cx. tarsalis  vitellogenin genes ( Vg1a ,  Vg1b ,  Vg2a  and  Vg2b ). Sequences were analyzed  in silico  to identify requisite  cis -acting elements. The ability for promoter sequences to drive expression of green fluorescent protein ( GFP )  in vivo  was investigated using transgenic  Drosophila melanogaster . All four promoters were able to drive  GFP  expression but there was dramatic variation between promoters and between individual  Drosophila  lines, indicating significant position effects. The highest expression was observed in line  Vg2b L3, which was >300-fold higher than the lowest line  Vg1a L2.    Conclusions  These new promoters will be useful for driving expression of genes of interest in transgenic  Cx. tarsalis  and perhaps other insects.

Culex tarsalis Vitellogenin Gene Promoters Investigated In Silico and In Vivo Using Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster