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The liver fluke  Fasciola gigantica  is a trematode parasite of ruminants and humans that occurs naturally in Africa and Asia. Cases of human fascioliasis, attributable at least in part to  F. gigantica , are significantly increasing in the last decades. The introduced snail species  Galba truncatula  was already identified to be an important intermediate host for this parasite and the efficient invader  Pseudosuccinea columella  is another suspect in this case. Therefore, we investigated snails collected in irrigation canals in Fayoum governorate in Egypt for prevalence of trematodes with focus on  P. columella  and its role for the transmission of  F. gigantica . Species were identified morphologically and by partial sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene ( COI ). Among all 689 snails found at the 21 sampling sites,  P. columella  was the most abundant snail with 296 individuals (42.96%) and it was also the most dominant species at 10 sites. It was not found at 8 sites. Molecular detection by PCR and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) revealed infections with  F. gigantica  (3.38%),  Echinostoma caproni  (2.36%) and another echinostome (7.09%) that could not be identified further according to its sequence. No dependency of snail size and trematode infection was found. Both high abundance of  P. columella  in the Fayoum irrigation system and common infection with  F. gigantica  might be a case of parasite spill-back (increased prevalence in local final hosts due to highly susceptible introduced intermediate host species) from the introduced  P. columella  to the human population, explaining at least partly the observed increase of reported fascioliasis-cases in Egypt.  Eichhornia crassipes , the invasive water hyacinth, which covers huge areas of the irrigation canals, offers safe refuges for the amphibious  P. columella  during molluscicide application. As a consequence, this snail dominates snail communities and efficiently transmits  F. gigantica .

plos one

Invasion Biology Meets Parasitology: A Case Study of Parasite Spill-Back with Egyptian Fasciola gigantica in the Invasive Snail Pseudosuccinea columella