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The classic organization by Socransky and coworkers categorized the oral bacteria of the subgingival plaque into different complexes.  Treponema denticola ,  Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia  are grouped into the red complex that is highly correlated with periodontal disease. Socransky's work closely associates red with orange complex species such as  Fusobacterium nucleatum  and  Prevotella intermedia  but not with members of the other complexes. While the relationship between species contained by these complexes is in part supported by their ability to physically attach to each other, the physiological consequences of these interactions and associations are less clear. In this study, we employed  T. denticola  as a model organism to analyze contact-dependent responses to interactions with species belonging to the same complex ( P. gingivalis and T. forsythia ), the closely associated orange complex (using  F. nucleatum  and  P. intermedia  as representatives) and the unconnected yellow complex (using  Streptococcus sanguinis  and  S. gordonii  as representatives). RNA was extracted from  T. denticola  alone as well as after pairwise co-incubation for 5 hrs with representatives of the different complexes, and the respective gene expression profiles were determined using microarrays. Numerous genes related to motility, metabolism, transport, outer membrane and hypothetical proteins were differentially regulated in  T. denticola  in the presence of the tested partner species. Further analysis revealed a significant overlap in the affected genes and we identified a general response to the presence of other species, those specific to two of the three complexes as well as individual complexes. Most interestingly, many predicted major antigens (e.g. flagella, Msp, CTLP) were suppressed in responses that included red complex species indicating that the presence of the most closely associated species induces immune-evasive strategies. In summary, the data presented here provide an in-depth understanding of the transcriptional responses triggered by contact-dependent interactions between microorganisms inhabiting the periodontal pocket.

Transcriptional Responses of Treponema denticola to Other Oral Bacterial Species