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Flower senescence is initiated by developmental and environmental signals, and regulated by gene transcription. A homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factor,  PhHD-Zip , is up-regulated during petunia flower senescence. Virus-induced gene silencing of  PhHD-Zip  extended flower life by 20% both in unpollinated and pollinated flowers. Silencing  PhHD-Zip  also dramatically reduced ethylene production and the abundance of transcripts of genes involved in ethylene ( ACS ,  ACO ), and ABA ( NCED ) biosynthesis. Abundance of transcripts of senescence-related genes ( SAG12 ,  SAG29 ) was also dramatically reduced in the silenced flowers. Over-expression of  PhHD-Zip  accelerated petunia flower senescence. Furthermore,  PhHD-Zip  transcript abundance in petunia flowers was increased by application of hormones (ethylene, ABA) and abiotic stresses (dehydration, NaCl and cold). Our results suggest that PhHD-Zip plays an important role in regulating petunia flower senescence.

A Petunia Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Protein, PhHD-Zip, Plays an Important Role in Flower Senescence