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Soluble fibres (non-starch polysaccharides, NSP) from edible plants but particularly plantain banana ( Musa  spp.), have been shown  in vitro  and  ex vivo  to prevent various enteric pathogens from adhering to, or translocating across, the human intestinal epithelium, a property that we have termed contrabiotic. Here we report that dietary plantain fibre prevents invasion of the chicken intestinal mucosa by  Salmonella .  In vivo  experiments were performed with chicks fed from hatch on a pellet diet containing soluble plantain NSP (0 to 200 mg/d) and orally infected with  S .Typhimurium 4/74 at 8 d of age. Birds were sacrificed 3, 6 and 10 d post-infection. Bacteria were enumerated from liver, spleen and caecal contents.  In vitro  studies were performed using chicken caecal crypts and porcine intestinal epithelial cells infected with  Salmonella enterica  serovars following pre-treatment separately with soluble plantain NSP and acidic or neutral polysaccharide fractions of plantain NSP, each compared with saline vehicle. Bacterial adherence and invasion were assessed by gentamicin protection assay.  In vivo  dietary supplementation with plantain NSP 50 mg/d reduced invasion by  S. Typhimurium, as reflected by viable bacterial counts from splenic tissue, by 98.9% (95% CI, 98.1–99.7;  P <0.0001).  In vitro  studies confirmed that plantain NSP (5–10 mg/ml) inhibited adhesion of  S. Typhimurium 4/74 to a porcine epithelial cell-line (73% mean inhibition (95% CI, 64–81);  P <0.001) and to primary chick caecal crypts (82% mean inhibition (95% CI, 75–90);  P <0.001). Adherence inhibition was shown to be mediated via an effect on the epithelial cells and Ussing chamber experiments with  ex-vivo  human ileal mucosa showed that this effect was associated with increased short circuit current but no change in electrical resistance. The inhibitory activity of plantain NSP lay mainly within the acidic/pectic (homogalacturonan-rich) component. Supplementation of chick feed with plantain NSP was well tolerated and shows promise as a simple approach for reducing invasive salmonellosis.

Dietary Supplementation with Soluble Plantain Non-Starch Polysaccharides Inhibits Intestinal Invasion of Salmonella Typhimurium in the Chicken