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Chromosome segregation is an essential cellular function in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The ParABS system is a fundamental player for a mitosis-like process in chromosome partitioning in many bacterial species. This work shows that the social bacterium  Myxococcus xanthus  also uses the ParABS system for chromosome segregation. Its large prokaryotic genome of 9.1 Mb contains 22  parS  sequences near the origin of replication, and it is shown here that  M. xanthus  ParB binds preferentially to a consensus  parS  sequence  in vitro . ParB and ParA are essential for cell viability in  M. xanthus  as in  Caulobacter crescentus , but unlike in many other bacteria. Absence of ParB results in anucleate cells, chromosome segregation defects and loss of viability. Analysis of ParA subcellular localization shows that it clusters at the poles in all cells, and in some, in the DNA-free cell division plane between two chromosomal DNA masses. This ParA localization pattern depends on ParB but not on FtsZ. ParB inhibits the nonspecific interaction of ParA with DNA, and ParA colocalizes with chromosomal DNA only when ParB is depleted. The subcellular localization of ParB suggests a single ParB- parS  complex localized at the edge of the nucleoid, next to a polar ParA cluster, with a second ParB- parS  complex migrating after the replication of  parS  takes place to the opposite nucleoid edge, next to the other polar ParA cluster.

ParABS System in Chromosome Partitioning in the Bacterium Myxococcus xanthus