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The most common dwarfing genes in wheat,  Rht-B1b  and  Rht-D1b , classified as gibberellin-insensitive (GAI) dwarfing genes due to their reduced response to exogenous GA, have been verified as encoding negative regulators of gibberellin signaling. In contrast, the response of gibberellin-responsive (GAR) dwarfing genes, such as  Rht12 , to exogenous GA is still unclear and the role of them, if any, in GA biosynthesis or signaling is unknown. The responses of  Rht12  to exogenous GA 3  were investigated on seedling vigour, spike phenological development, plant height and other agronomic traits, using F 2∶3  and F 3∶4  lines derived from a cross between Ningchun45 and Karcagi-12 in three experiments. The application of exogenous GA 3  significantly increased coleoptile length and seedling leaf 1 length and area. While there was no significant difference between the dwarf and the tall lines at the seedling stage in the responsiveness to GA 3 , plant height was significantly increased, by 41 cm (53%) averaged across the three experiments, in the GA 3 -treated  Rht12  dwarf lines. Plant height of the tall lines was not affected significantly by GA 3  treatment (<10 cm increased). Plant biomass and seed size of the GA 3 -treated dwarf lines was significantly increased compared with untreated dwarf plants while there was no such difference in the tall lines. GA 3 -treated  Rht12  dwarf plants with the dominant  Vrn-B1  developed faster than untreated plants and reached double ridge stage 57 days, 11 days and 50 days earlier and finally flowered earlier by almost 7 days while the GA 3 -treated tall lines flowering only 1–2 days earlier than the untreated tall lines. Thus, it is clear that exogenous GA 3  can break the masking effect of  Rht12  on  Vrn-B1  and also restore other characters of  Rht12  to normal. It suggested that  Rht12  mutants may be deficient in GA biosynthesis rather than in GA signal transduction like the GA-insensitive dwarfs.

Exogenous GA3 Application Can Compensate the Morphogenetic Effects of the GA-Responsive Dwarfing Gene Rht12 in Bread Wheat