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The striatum plays an important role in linking cortical activity to basal ganglia outputs. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are densely expressed in the medium spiny projection neurons and may be a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. The group I mGluRs are known to modulate the intracellular Ca 2+  signaling. To characterize Ca 2+  signaling in striatal cells, spontaneous cytoplasmic Ca 2+  transients were examined in acute slice preparations from transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the astrocytes. In both the GFP-negative cells (putative-neurons) and astrocytes of the striatum, spontaneous slow and long-lasting intracellular Ca 2+  transients (referred to as slow Ca 2+  oscillations), which lasted up to approximately 200 s, were found. Neither the inhibition of action potentials nor ionotropic glutamate receptors blocked the slow Ca 2+  oscillation. Depletion of the intracellular Ca 2+  store and the blockade of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors greatly reduced the transient rate of the slow Ca 2+  oscillation, and the application of an antagonist against mGluR5 also blocked the slow Ca 2+  oscillation in both putative-neurons and astrocytes. Thus, the mGluR5-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signal cascade is the primary contributor to the slow Ca 2+  oscillation in both putative-neurons and astrocytes. The slow Ca 2+  oscillation features multicellular synchrony, and both putative-neurons and astrocytes participate in the synchronous activity. Therefore, the mGluR5-dependent slow Ca 2+  oscillation may involve in the neuron-glia interaction in the striatum.

Both Neurons and Astrocytes Exhibited Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Dependent Spontaneous Slow Ca2+ Oscillations in Striatum