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In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of two species of  Cistopus , namely  C. chinensis  and  C. taiwanicus , and conducted a comparative mt genome analysis across the class Cephalopoda. The mtDNA length of  C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus  are 15706 and 15793 nucleotides with an AT content of 76.21% and 76.5%, respectively. The sequence identity of mtDNA between  C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus  was 88%, suggesting a close relationship. Compared with  C. taiwanicus  and other octopods,  C. chinensis  encoded two additional tRNA genes, showing a novel gene arrangement. In addition, an unusual 23 poly (A) signal structure is found in the ATP8 coding region of  C. chinensis . The entire genome and each protein coding gene of the two  Cistopus  species displayed notable levels of AT and GC skews. Based on sliding window analysis among Octopodiformes, ND1 and DN5 were considered to be more reliable molecular beacons. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 13 protein-coding genes revealed that  C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus  form a monophyletic group with high statistical support, consistent with previous studies based on morphological characteristics. Our results also indicated that the phylogenetic position of the genus  Cistopus  is closer to  Octopus  than to  Amphioctopus  and  Callistoctopus . The complete mtDNA sequence of  C. chinensis and C. taiwanicus  represent the first whole mt genomes in the genus  Cistopus . These novel mtDNA data will be important in refining the phylogenetic relationships within Octopodiformes and enriching the resource of markers for systematic, population genetic and evolutionary biological studies of Cephalopoda.

plos one

The Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Octopods Cistopus chinensis and Cistopus taiwanicus: Revealing the Phylogenetic Position of the Genus Cistopus within the Order Octopoda