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Some species of  Talaromyces  secrete large amounts of red pigments. Literature has linked this character to species such as  Talaromyces purpurogenus, T. albobiverticillius, T. marneffei , and  T. minioluteus  often under earlier  Penicillium  names. Isolates identified as  T. purpurogenus  have been reported to be interesting industrially and they can produce extracellular enzymes and red pigments, but they can also produce mycotoxins such as rubratoxin A and B and luteoskyrin. Production of mycotoxins limits the use of isolates of a particular species in biotechnology.  Talaromyces atroroseus  sp. nov., described in this study, produces the azaphilone biosynthetic families mitorubrins and  Monascus  pigments without any production of mycotoxins. Within the red pigment producing clade,  T. atroroseus  resolved in a distinct clade separate from all the other species in multigene phylogenies (ITS, β-tubulin and  RPB1 ), which confirm its unique nature.  Talaromyces atroroseus  resembles  T. purpurogenus  and  T. albobiverticillius  in producing red diffusible pigments, but differs from the latter two species by the production of glauconic acid, purpuride and ZG–1494α and by the dull to dark green, thick walled ellipsoidal conidia produced. The type strain of  Talaromyces atroroseus  is CBS 133442

Talaromyces atroroseus, a New Species Efficiently Producing Industrially Relevant Red Pigments