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Pertussis is still occurring in highly vaccinated populations, affecting individuals of all ages. Long-lived Th1 CD4 +  T cells are essential for protective immunity against pertussis. For better understanding of the limited immunological memory to  Bordetella pertussis , we used a panel of Pertactin and Pertussis toxin specific peptides to interrogate CD4 +  T cell responses at the epitope level in a unique cohort of symptomatic pertussis patients of different ages, at various time intervals after infection. Our study showed that pertussis epitope-specific T cell responses contained Th1 and Th2 components irrespective of the epitope studied, time after infection, or age. In contrast, the breadth of the pertussis-directed CD4 +  T cell response seemed dependent on age and closeness to infection. Multi-epitope specificity long-term after infection was lost in older age groups. Detailed knowledge on pertussis specific immune mechanisms and their insufficiencies is important for understanding resurgence of pertussis in highly vaccinated populations.

Loss of Multi-Epitope Specificity in Memory CD4+ T Cell Responses to B. Pertussis with Age