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The fission yeast  Schizosaccharomyces pombe  secretes the extracellular maltase Agl1, which hydrolyzes maltose into glucose, thereby utilizing maltose as a carbon source. Whether other maltases contribute to efficient utilization of maltose and how Agl1 expression is regulated in response to switching of carbon sources are unknown. In this study, we show that three other possible maltases and the maltose transporter Sut1 are not required for efficient utilization of maltose. Transcription of  agl1  was induced when the carbon source was changed from glucose to maltose. This was dependent on Atf1 and Pcr1, which are highly conserved transcription factors that regulate stress-responsive genes in various stress conditions. Atf1 and Pcr1 generally bind the  TGACGT  motif as a heterodimer. The  agl1  gene lacks the exact motif, but has many degenerate  TGACGT  motifs in its promoter and coding region. When the carbon source was switched from glucose to maltose, Atf1 and Pcr1 associated with the promoters and coding regions of  agl1 ,  fbp1 , and  gpx1 , indicating that the Atf1-Pcr1 heteromer binds a variety of regions in its target genes to induce their transcription. In addition, the association of Mediator with these genes was dependent on Atf1 and Pcr1. These data indicate that Atf1 and Pcr1 induce the transcription of  agl1 , which allows efficient utilization of extracellular maltose.

The Transcription Factors Atf1 and Pcr1 Are Essential for Transcriptional Induction of the Extracellular Maltase Agl1 in Fission Yeast