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Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have proven to be useful to accurately detect  Mycobacterium tuberculosis  ( Mtb ) infection, but they cannot reliably discriminate between active tuberculosis (TB) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). This study aims to test whether  Mtb -specific tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) could be used as a new tool for the rapid diagnosis of active TB disease. The secretion of TNF-α by  Mtb -specific antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of sixty seven participants was investigated in the study. Our results showed that the total measurement of TNF-α secretion by  Mtb -specific antigen-stimulated PBMCs is not a good biomarker for active TB diagnosis. However, we found that calculation of  Mtb -specific TNF-α not only distinguish between active and latent TB infection, but also can differentiate active TB from non-TB patients. Using the cutoff value of 136.9 pg/ml for  Mtb -specific TNF-α, we were able to differentiate active TB from LTBI. Sensitivity and specificity were 72% and 90.91%. These data suggest that  Mtb -specific TNF-α could be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of active TB disease.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis-Specific TNF-α Is a Potential Biomarker for the Rapid Diagnosis of Active Tuberculosis Disease in Chinese Population