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Pullulanase plays an important role in specific hydrolysis of branch points in amylopectin and is generally employed as an important enzyme in starch-processing industry. So far, however, the production level of pullulanase is still somewhat low from wide-type strains and even heterologous expression systems. Here the gene encoding  Bacillus naganoensis  pullulanase was amplified and cloned. For expression of the protein, two recombinant systems,  Escherichia coli  BL21(DE3)/pET-20b(+)- pul  and  E. coli  BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)- pul , were constructed, both bearing T7 promoter and signal peptide sequence, but different in the existance of  lac  operator and  lacI  gene encoding  lac  repressor. Recombinant pullulanase was initially expressed with the activity of up to 14 U/mL by  E. coli  BL21(DE3)/pET-20b(+)- pul  with IPTG induction in LB medium, but its expression level reduced continually with the extension of cryopreservation time and basal expression was observed. However,  E. coli  BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)- pul  , involving  lac  operator downstream of T7 promoter to regulate foreign gene transcription, exhibited pullulanase activity consistently without detected basal expression. By investigating the effect of  lac  operator, basal expression of foreign protein was found to cause expression instability and negative effect on production of target protein. Thus double-repression strategy was proposed that  lac  operators in both chromosome and plasmid were bound with  lac  repressor to repress T7 RNA polymerase synthesis and target protein expression before induction. Consequently, the total activity of pullulanase was remarkably increased to 580 U/mL with auto-induction by  lac  operator-involved  E. coli  BL21(DE3)/pET-22b(+)- pul . When adding 0.6% glycine in culture, the extracellular production of pullulanase was significantly improved with the extracellular activity of 502 U/mL, which is a relatively higher level achieved to date for extracellular production of pullulanase. The successful expression of pullulanase with  lac  operator regulation provides an efficient way for enhancement of expression stability and hence high-level production of target protein in recombinant  E. coli .

High-Level Expression of Bacillus naganoensis Pullulanase from Recombinant Escherichia coli with Auto-Induction: Effect of lac Operator