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The nonhost-specific phytotoxin coronatine (COR) produced by several pathovars of  Pseudomonas syringae  functions as a jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) mimic and contributes to disease development by suppressing plant defense responses and inducing reactive oxygen species in chloroplast. It has been shown that the F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1) is the receptor for COR and JA-Ile. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins act as negative regulators for JA signaling in  Arabidopsis . However, the physiological significance of JAZ proteins in  P. syringae  disease development and nonhost pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR) cell death is not completely understood. In this study, we identified  JAZ  genes from tomato, a host plant for  P. syringae  pv.  tomato  DC3000 ( Pst  DC3000), and examined their expression profiles in response to COR and pathogens. Most  JAZ  genes were induced by COR treatment or inoculation with COR-producing  Pst  DC3000, but not by the COR-defective mutant DB29. Tomato SlJAZ2, SlJAZ6 and SlJAZ7 interacted with SlCOI1 in a COR-dependent manner. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we demonstrated that SlJAZ2, SlJAZ6 and SlJAZ7 have no effect on COR-induced chlorosis in tomato and  Nicotiana benthamiana . However,  SlJAZ2 -,  SlJAZ6 - and  SlJAZ7 -silenced tomato plants showed enhanced disease-associated cell death to  Pst  DC3000. Furthermore, we found delayed HR cell death in response to the nonhost pathogen  Pst  T1 or a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), INF1, in  SlJAZ2 - and  SlJAZ6 -silenced  N. benthamiana . These results suggest that tomato JAZ proteins regulate the progression of cell death during host and nonhost interactions.

Jasmonate ZIM-Domain (JAZ) Protein Regulates Host and Nonhost Pathogen-Induced Cell Death in Tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana