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Toxoplasma gondii chronic infection in rodent secondary hosts has beenreported to lead to a loss of innate, hard-wired fear toward cats, its primaryhost. However the generality of this response across T. gondii strains and theunderlying mechanism for this pathogen mediated behavioral change remainunknown. To begin exploring these questions, we evaluated the effects ofinfection with two previously uninvestigated isolates from the three majorNorth American clonal lineages of T. gondii, Type III and an attenuated strainof Type I. Using an hour-long open field activity assay optimized for thispurpose, we measured mouse aversion toward predator and non-predator urines. Weshow that loss of innate aversion of cat urine is a general trait caused byinfection with any of the three major clonal lineages of parasite.Surprisingly, we found that infection with the attenuated Type I parasiteresults in sustained loss of aversion at times post infection when neitherparasite nor ongoing brain inflammation were detectable. This suggests that T.gondii-mediated interruption of mouse innate aversion toward cat urine mayoccur during early acute infection in a permanent manner, not requiringpersistence of parasitecysts or continuing brain inflammation.

Mice Infected with Low-virulence Strains of Toxoplasma gondii Lose their Innate Aversion to Cat Urine, Even after Extensive Parasite Clearance