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Actinorhizal root nodule symbioses are very diverse, and the symbiosis of  Datisca glomerata  has previously been shown to have many unusual aspects. In order to gain molecular information on the infection mechanism, nodule development and nodule metabolism, we compared the transcriptomes of  D. glomerata  roots and nodules. Root and nodule libraries representing the 3′-ends of cDNAs were subjected to high-throughput parallel 454 sequencing. To identify the corresponding genes and to improve the assembly, Illumina sequencing of the nodule transcriptome was performed as well. The evaluation revealed 406 differentially regulated genes, 295 of which (72.7%) could be assigned a function based on homology. Analysis of the nodule transcriptome showed that genes encoding components of the common symbiosis signaling pathway were present in nodules of  D. glomerata,  which in combination with the previously established function of SymRK in  D. glomerata  nodulation suggests that this pathway is also active in actinorhizal Cucurbitales. Furthermore, comparison of the  D. glomerata  nodule transcriptome with nodule transcriptomes from actinorhizal Fagales revealed a new subgroup of nodule-specific defensins that might play a role specific to actinorhizal symbioses. The  D. glomerata  members of this defensin subgroup contain an acidic C-terminal domain that was never found in plant defensins before.

plos one

Comparison of the Nodule vs. Root Transcriptome of the Actinorhizal Plant Datisca glomerata: Actinorhizal Nodules Contain a Specific Class of Defensins