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The fungus  Entomophthora muscae  ( Entomophthoromycota ,  Entomophthorales ,  Entomophthoraceae ) is a widespread insect pathogen responsible for fatal epizootic events in many dipteran fly hosts. During epizootic s  in 2011 and 2012 in Durham, North Carolina, we observed a transition of fungal infections from one host, the plant-feeding fly  Delia radicum,  to a second host, the predatory fly  Coenosia tigrina . Infections first appeared on  Delia  in the middle of March, but by the end of May,  Coenosia  comprised 100% of infected hosts. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that  E. muscae  in Durham comprises two distinct subpopulations (clades) with several haplotypes in each. Fungi from either clade are able to infect both fly species, but vary in their infection phenologies and host-specificities. Individuals of the more phylogenetically diverse clade I predominated during the beginning of the spring epizootic, infecting mostly phytophagous  Delia  flies. Clade II dominated in late April and May and affected mostly predatory  Coenosia  flies. Analysis of population structure revealed two subpopulations within  E. muscae  with limited gene exchange. This study provides the first evidence of recombination and population structure within the  E. muscae  species complex, and illustrates the complexity of insect-fungus relationships that should be considered for development of biological control methods.

plos one

Sequential Utilization of Hosts from Different Fly Families by Genetically Distinct, Sympatric Populations within the Entomophthora muscae Species Complex