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Background  Alternative macrophages (M2) express the cluster differentiation (CD) 206 (MCR1) at high levels. Decreased M2 in adipose tissue is known to be associated with obesity and inflammation-related metabolic disturbances. Here we aimed to investigate  MCR1  relative to CD68 (total macrophages) gene expression in association with adipogenic and mitochondrial genes, which were measured in human visceral [VWAT, n = 147] and subcutaneous adipose tissue [SWAT, n = 76] and in  rectus abdominis  muscle (n = 23). The effects of surgery-induced weight loss were also longitudinally evaluated (n = 6).    Results    MCR1  and  CD68  gene expression levels were similar in VWAT and SWAT. A higher proportion of CD206 relative to total CD68 was present in subjects with less body fat and lower fasting glucose concentrations. The ratio  MCR1/CD68 was positively associated with  IRS1 gene expression and with the expression of lipogenic genes such as  ACACA, FASN  and  THRSP , even after adjusting for BMI. The ratio  MCR1/CD68  in SWAT increased significantly after the surgery-induced weight loss (+44.7%; p = 0.005) in parallel to the expression of adipogenic genes. In addition, SWAT  MCR1/CD68 ratio was significantly associated with muscle mitochondrial gene expression ( PPARGC1A, TFAM  and  MT-CO3 ). AT CD206 was confirmed by immunohistochemistry to be specific of macrophages, especially abundant in crown-like structures.    Conclusion  A decreased ratio  MCR1/CD68  is linked to adipose tissue and muscle mitochondrial dysfunction at least at the level of expression of adipogenic and mitochondrial genes.

The MRC1/CD68 Ratio Is Positively Associated with Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis and with Muscle Mitochondrial Gene Expression in Humans