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Background    Helicobacter pylori  has been isolated from 10%–20% of human chronic cholecystitis specimens but the characteristics of “ Helicobacter pylori  positive cholecystitis” remains unclear. This study aims to compare the clinicopathological features between chronic cholecystitis patients with and without  Helicobacter pylori  infection in gallbladder mucosa.    Methods  Three hundred and twenty-six chronic cholecystitis patients were divided into two groups according to whether  Helicobacter pylori  could be detected by culture, staining or PCR for  Helicobacter  16s rRNA gene in gallbladder mucosa. Positive samples were sequenced for  Helicobacter pylori -specific identification. Clinical parameters as well as pathological characteristics including some premalignant lesions and the expression levels of iNOS and ROS in gallbladder were compared between the two groups.    Results    Helicobacter pylori  infection in gallbladder mucosa was detected in 20.55% of cholecystitis patients. These patients had a higher prevalence of acid regurgitation symptoms ( p  = 0.001), more histories of chronic gastritis ( p  = 0.005), gastric ulcer ( p  = 0.042), duodenal ulcer ( p  = 0.026) and higher presence of  Helicobacter pylori  in the stomach as compared to patients without  Helicobacter pylori  infection in the gallbladder mucosa.  Helicobacter pylori  16s rRNA in gallbladder and gastric-duodenal mucosa from the same individual patient had identical sequences. Also, higher incidences of adenomyomatosis ( p  = 0.012), metaplasia ( p  = 0.022) and higher enhanced expressions of iNOS and ROS were detected in  Helicobacter pylori  infected gallbladder mucosa ( p <0.05).    Conclusions    Helicobacter pylori  infection in gallbladder mucosa is strongly associated with  Helicobacter pylori  existed in stomach.  Helicobacter pylori  is also correlated with gallbladder premalignant lesions including metaplasia and adenomyomatosis. The potential mechanism might be related with higher ROS/RNS production but needs further investigation.

plos one

A Comparative Study of Clinicopathological Features between Chronic Cholecystitis Patients with and without Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gallbladder Mucosa