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SoxC  genes are involved in many developmental processes such as cardiac, lymphoid, and bone development. The  SoxC  gene family is represented by  Sox4 ,  Sox11,  and  Sox12 . Loss of either Sox4 or Sox11 function is lethal during mouse embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that  sox4  and  sox11  are strongly expressed in the developing eye, heart as well as brain in  Xenopus laevis . Morpholino oligonucleotide mediated knock-down approaches in anterior neural tissue revealed that interference with either Sox4 or Sox11 function affects eye development. A detailed analysis demonstrated strong effects on eye size and retinal lamination. Neural induction was unaffected upon Sox4 or Sox11 MO injection and early eye field differentiation and cell proliferation were only mildly affected. Depletion of both genes, however, led independently to a significant increase in cell apoptosis in the eye. In summary, Sox4 and Sox11 are required for  Xenopus  visual system development.

sox4 And sox11 Function during Xenopus laevis Eye Development