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Paeoniflorin (PF), which is the main active ingredient in the root of  Paeonia Radix , has many pharmacological effects. Here, we investigated the effect of PF on rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxic conditions and explored the mechanisms of the effects. The anti-proliferative effect of PF increased in a dose dependent manner. At the highest dose (20 μmol/L), the anti-proliferative effect of PF peaked at 24 h after administration. However, the selective A 2B  adenosine receptor (A 2B AR) antagonist MRS1754 abolished it. PF increased A 2B AR mRNA levels from 0.0763±0.0067 of β-actin mRNA levels (hypoxia group) to 0.1190±0.0139 (P<0.05) measured by Real Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. A 2B AR protein expression measured by Western Blot was also increased. PF inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs by blocking cell cycle progression in the S phase. These data indicated that activation of A 2B AR might be involved in the anti-proliferative effect of PF on PASMCs under hypoxic conditions. The results suggested that a new mechanism of PF could be relevant to the management of clinical hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Paeoniflorin Inhibits Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation via Upregulating A2B Adenosine Receptor in Rat