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Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK) mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. So far little is known on the functional role of MAPKKs in cotton. In the present study,  Gossypium hirsutum MKK1  ( GhMKK1 ) function was investigated. GhMKK1 protein may activate its specific targets in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Treatments with salt, drought, and H 2 O 2  induced the expression of  GhMKK1  and increased the activity of  GhMKK1 , while overexpression of  GhMKK1  in  Nicotiana benthamiana  enhanced its tolerance to salt and drought stresses as determined by many physiological data. Additionally,  GhMKK1  activity was found to up-regulate pathogen-associated biotic stress, and overexpression of  GhMKK1  increased the susceptibility of the transgenic plants to the pathogen  Ralstonia solanacearum  by reducing the expression of  PR  genes. Moreover,  GhMKK1 -overexpressing plants also exhibited an enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capability and markedly elevated activities of several antioxidant enzymes. These results indicate that  GhMKK1  is involved in plants defence responses and provide new data to further analyze the function of plant MAPK pathways.

plos one

Cotton GhMKK1 Induces the Tolerance of Salt and Drought Stress, and Mediates Defence Responses to Pathogen Infection in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana