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The recently discovered Type VII/Esat-6 secretion systems seem to be widespread among bacteria of the phyla  Actinobacteria  and  Firmicutes . In some species they play an important role in pathogenic interactions with eukaryotic hosts. Several studies have predicted that the locus  yukEDCByueBC  of the non-pathogenic, Gram-positive bacterium  Bacillus subtilis  would encode an Esat-6-like secretion system (Ess). We provide here for the first time evidences for the functioning of this secretion pathway in an undomesticated  B. subtilis  strain. We show that YukE, a small protein with the typical features of the secretion substrates from the WXG100 superfamily is actively secreted to culture media. YukE secretion depends on intact y ukDCByueBC  genes, whose products share sequence or structural homology with known components of the  S. aureus  Ess. Biochemical characterization of YukE indicates that it exists as a dimer both  in vitro  and  in vivo . We also show that the  B. subtilis  Ess essentially operates in late stationary growth phase in absolute dependence of phosphorylated DegU, the response regulator of the two-component system DegS-DegU. We present possible reasons that eventually have precluded the study of this secretion system in the  B. subtilis  laboratory strain 168.

High Levels of DegU-P Activate an Esat-6-Like Secretion System in Bacillus subtilis