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Background  The evidence that the variants  GCK  rs1799884,  GCKR  rs780094,  MTNR1B  rs10830963 and  G6PC2  rs560887, which are related to fasting plasma glucose levels, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is contradictory. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the association between these polymorphisms and T2DM.    Methods  All the publications examining the associations of these variants with risk of T2DM were retrieved from the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Using the data from the retrieved articles, we computed summary estimates of the associations of the four variants with T2DM risk. We also examined the studies for heterogeneity, as well as for bias of the publications.    Results  A total of 113,025 T2DM patients and 199,997 controls from 38 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled results indicated that  GCK  (rs1799884),  GCKR  (rs780094) and  MTNR1B  (rs10830963) were significantly associated with T2DM susceptibility (OR, 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01–1.08; OR, 1.08; 95%CI, 1.05–1.12 and OR, 1.05; 95%CI, 1.02–1.08, respectively). After stratification by ethnicity, significant associations for the  GCK ,  MTNR1B  and  G6PC2  variants were detected only in Caucasians (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 1.02–1.16; OR, 1.10; 95%CI, 1.08–1.13 and OR, 0.97; 95%CI, 0.95–0.99, respectively), but not in Asians (OR, 1.02, 95% CI 0.98–1.05; OR, 1.01; 95%CI, 0.98–1.04 and OR, 1.12; 95%CI, 0.91–1.32, respectively).    Conclusions  Our meta-analyses demonstrated that  GCKR  rs780094 variant confers high cross-ethnicity risk for the development of T2DM, while significant associations between  GCK ,  MTNR1B  and  G6PC2  variants and T2DM risk are limited to Caucasians.

Large Scale Meta-Analyses of Fasting Plasma Glucose Raising Variants in GCK, GCKR, MTNR1B and G6PC2 and Their Impacts on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk