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Fluorescent dyes are vital for studying static and dynamic patterns and pattern formation in cell biology. Emission properties of the dyes incorporated in a biological interface are known to be sensitive to their local environment. We report that the fluorescence intensity of dye molecules embedded in lipid interfaces is indeed a thermodynamic observable of the system. Opto-mechanical coupling of lipid-dye system was measured as a function of the thermodynamic state of the interface. The corresponding state diagrams quantify the thermodynamic coupling between intensity  I  and lateral pressure  π . We further demonstrate that the coupling is conserved upon varying the temperature  T . Notably, the observed opto-mechanical coupling is  not  limited to equilibrium conditions, but also holds for propagating pressure pulses. The non-equilibrium data show, that fluorescence is especially sensitive to dynamic changes in state such as the LE-LC phase transition. We conclude that variations in the thermodynamic state (here  π  and  T,  in general  pH, membrane potential V , etc also) of lipid membranes are capable of controlling fluorescence intensity. Therefore, interfacial thermodynamic state diagrams of  I  should be obtained for a proper interpretation of intensity data.

Opto-Mechanical Coupling in Interfaces under Static and Propagative Conditions and Its Biological Implications