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The evolution of biological signalling systems and apparently altruistic or cooperative traits in diverse organisms has required selection against the subversive tendencies of self-interested biological entities. The bacterial signalling and response system known as quorum sensing or Acylated Homoserine Lactone (AHL) mediated gene expression is thought to have evolved through kin selection. In this  in vitro  study on the model quorum sensing bioluminescent marine symbiont  Vibrio fischeri , competition and long-term sub culturing experiments suggest that selection for AHL synthesis (encoded by the AHL synthase gene  luxI ) is independent of the quorum sensing regulated phenotype (bioluminescence encoded by  luxCDABE ). Whilst results support the hypothesis that signal response (AHL binding and transcriptional activation encoded by the  luxR  gene) is maintained through indirect fitness benefits (kin selection), signal synthesis is maintained in the  V. fischeri  genome over evolutionary time through direct fitness benefits at the individual level from an unknown function.

Quorum Sensing Signal Synthesis May Represent a Selective Advantage Independent of Its Role in Regulation of Bioluminescence in Vibrio fischeri