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The impact of disease outbreaks on coral physiology represents an increasing concern for the fitness and resilience of reef ecosystems. Predicting the tolerance of corals to disease relies on an understanding of the coral immune response to pathogenic interactions. This study explored the transcriptional response of two putative immune genes ( c3  and  c-type lectin ) and one stress response gene ( hsp70 ) in the reef building coral,  Acropora millepora  challenged for 48 hours with bacterial strains,  Vibrio coralliilyticus  and  Alteromonas  sp. at concentrations of 10 6  cells ml -1 . Coral fragments challenged with  V. coralliilyticus  appeared healthy while fragments challenged with  Alteromonas  sp. showed signs of tissue lesions after 48 hr. Coral-associated bacterial community profiles assessed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis changed after challenge by both bacterial strains with the  Alteromonas  sp. treatment demonstrating the greatest community shift. Transcriptional profiles of  c3  and  hsp70  increased at 24 hours and correlated with disease signs in the  Alteromonas  sp. treatment. The expression of  hsp70  also showed a significant increase in  V. coralliilyticus  inoculated corals at 24 h suggesting that even in the absence of disease signs, the microbial inoculum activated a stress response in the coral.  C-type lectin  did not show a response to any of the bacterial treatments. Increase in gene expression of  c3  and  hsp70  in corals showing signs of disease indicates their potential involvement in immune and stress response to microbial challenges.

Transcriptional Activation of c3 and hsp70 as Part of the Immune Response of Acropora millepora to Bacterial Challenges